Colonization in Africa - 991 Words

European colonization effected Africa negatively, as it resulted in the continent being taken advantage of, people and resources exploited, and their economical standpoint being very low. By looking at Africa’s experience with the Berlin Conference and the effects it had, we can see how greatly the continent was negatively influenced. The Berlin Conference brought King Leopold II into Africa, but the world did not know that it would result in genocide of about 5,000 people in Sierra Leone. Continuing into the 1990’s, four million people were killed in Africa as a result of the wars that the excavation of diamonds caused. When the Europeans came to Africa, they were very forceful and they took advantage of the Africans. In the Scramble†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the other side of this argument would probably say that the Europeans influenced the economy for the better. They helped the country move forward technologically, set up an education system for the Africans, and unified and strengthened the nation by building the railroad that went through the country, gaining more trade and money. Although they did move forward technologically and set up an education system, I strongly argue against that they unified and strengthened the nation. It seems as though they did completely the opposite by King Leopold II’s affects. Given these points, there is evidence that shows how the colonization of Europeans affected the country very negatively. From the Berlin Conference to Leopold’s control, and Leopold’s control to the blood diamonds, the loss of life that took place was catastrophic. Therefore, there was the fact that the Europeans came to Africa to take advantage of the people and took control of their land. Next, Leopold came into the picture and so did the forced brutal labor, along with the exploitation of diamonds, rubber and other resources. Then, there is the idea that Africans were paid significantly less than the other races and not to ignore the fact that education was also neglected. With these instances considered, it shows that the colonization of Africa had very negative effects on the country and it resulted in the mass genocide of Africans. Works Cited Page: Website name:Show MoreRelatedColonization of Africa1542 Words   |  7 PagesConquests, colonization, the slave trade, and the spread of consumerist society have shaped and formed the grounds for which developing countries find themselves today. The countries of the developing world subjected to colonialism have been faced with a number of impediments throughout the years which have hindered social and economic growth, and laid the foundation which bred cultural conflict. Colonialism, however, too bought Western civilization and all its attractions to underdeveloped countriesRead MoreThe European Colonization Of Africa1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe European colonization of Africa, also known as the Scramble for Africa, Partition of Africa, or Conquest of Africa, occurred between the 1870s and 1900s, and was the invasion, occupation, colonization, and annexation of African territory by European powers during a period of New Imperialism. European control of the continent increased fro m 10 percent (1870) to 90 percent (1914), with only three territories, Saguia el-Hamra, which was later integrated into Spanish Sahara, Ethiopia and LiberiaRead MoreThe European Colonization Of Africa1855 Words   |  8 PagesMorel noticed something that would change the way the modern world viewed the colonization of Africa and the supposed â€Å"humanitarian† work there forever (Hochschild 1). Morel worked for an English shipping company that was responsible for cargo going between the Congo Free State and Belgium. What Morel noticed was that ships from Africa were filled with rich, exotic goods like rubber and ivory, but the ships headed to Africa from Belgium were filled with military members and various firearms and ammunitionRead MoreConsequences Of Colonization Of Africa1599 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the19th century to the start of the 20th century, Africa was at the mercy of Europe imperialism. Politics and economics led powerful European nations to colonize the continent of Africa. What was later coined as â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†, led powerful nations to aggressively take over the continent and exploit its materials, people, and land. The European powers that took control of most of Africa included Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The continent was dividedRead MoreThe Colonization Of South Africa1749 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Summary of Research Before the colonization in South Africa, men and women stood hand and hand together, not behind or in front, but together. After the colonization in South Africa, men begin running everything in society and are dominate. Like any culture, men are the ones who call everything and for women, they are in charge of feeding and taking care of the family. Women in South Africa are in charge of many task, especially undertaking agriculture. Being a wife/motherRead MoreEuropean Nations And The Colonization Of Africa1492 Words   |  6 PagesAs we know so far, Africa has a long history of being faced with Conquest, Colonization, and Military Invasions from Europe since the early 1970’s and up to the 1900’s. Many were standing against the idea of being captured or colonized by these Europeans leaders and countries. The only two countries that have not been touched or colonized by Europe is Ethiopia and Liberia, unfortunately (Fortunately). Most of the Africa’s c ountries has been touched by European conquerors. There are three main factorsRead MoreEuropean Imperialism And The Colonization Of Africa984 Words   |  4 PagesAmongst the 1870s and 1900, Africa confronted European imperialist hostility, political pressures, military assaults, and ultimately the conquest and colonization. At the same time, African civilizations put up numerous methods of resistance against the effort to inhabit their countries and enforce foreign control. By the early twentieth century, however, much of Africa, except Ethiopia and Liberia, had been inhabited by European powers. The European imperialist drive into Africa was encouraged by threeRead MoreThe Scramble For African Colonization Of Africa1733 Words   |  7 Pages The Scramble for Africa had a massive impact on the lives of the citizens that lived there. In the 1870’s when Germany became the new leader in the European industry with chemicals and electrical products. This time was known as the second industrial revolution when transportation in the country came about it effected routes of trade became easily available thus making. The growth of European colonization of Africa which was unique because they started to colonized later than everyone else. ForRead MoreThe Long Depression During The Colonization Of Africa1820 Words   |  8 Pagescontinent of Africa. Primarily England, France, Germany, and Portugal were vying for the continent . Sub-Saharan Africa was one of the last parts of the world that had little to no colonial influence by Europeans. To Europeans, the African continent had untapped potential . During the colonization of Africa, Christian missions followed and proceeded to proselytize the African people. The partnershi p between colonist and missionaries had a negative effect on the evangelization of Africa. From 1873Read MoreWomen During The Colonization Of South Africa1765 Words   |  8 PagesBefore the colonization in South Africa, men and women stood hand and hand together, not behind or in front, but together. After the colonization in South Africa, men begin running everything in society and are dominate. Like any culture, men are the ones who call everything and for women, they are in charge of feeding and taking care of the family. Women in South Africa are in charge of many tasks, especially undertaking agriculture. Being a wife/mother â€Å"it falls upon us to make small wages, stretch

Treatment Of Treatment For Bipolar Disorder - 1441 Words

Treatment Treatment for bipolar disorder has to this day been approach using the biomedical model approach. Which means that BP disorder has been predominantly treated pharmacologically. Pharmacological treatment of BP disorder is not to be underestimated, but it is also not to be considered the first and last option of treatment. Research has shown that the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (along with various other treatments) combined with pharmacological treatment has been shown to have better efficacy than each of these approaches separately (Singleton, 2006). However, it has been seen as a long time technique to use medication as a validator of the diagnosis. This techniques seems appropriate considering how hard it is to diagnose BP†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately the neurobiology in relation to lithium treatment is not well understood and most of the research on it is primarily speculative and theoretical, and in-turn does not offer much insight. Although, the great efficacy of this treatment does not come without a price, lithium has a very thin line between therapeutic effect and toxicity. Blood levels must be check regularly to make sure that the lithium is within therapeutic levels to avoid lithium poisoning (Jann M. W., 2014). The next pharmacological treatment that will be discussed is probably the most controversial treatment for BP disorder, and that is antidepressants. Antidepressant are not a FDA-accepted treatment for BP disorder and the efficacy of this treatment is questionable. Antidepressant may be used on patients with BP disorder, it is not advised to use them on patients with a history of rapid cycling (of symptoms). There seems to be a consensus in the research that antidepressants should never be used to treat BP disorder alone. Antidepressants should be used with antipsychotic or mood stabilizers in order to protect the patient from potential pharmacologically induced episode of mania that could be a danger to the patient. Brief Overview of Psychotherapy People with BP disorder usually end up in therapy by one of multiple way, either the subject is in a depressive phase and recognizes that they need help. The subject is in a manic phase and is admitted against their own will

How Did Photography Influenced The History And The...

To what extent has photography influenced the history and the development of contemporary painting? Contents Abstract Page 3 Introduction Page 4 History of Photography in relations to Painting Page 5 Influence of Photography on Andy Warhol’s Paintings Page 9 Page 1 Page 1 Influence of Photography on Gerhard Richter’s Paintings Page 1 Page 1 Page 1 Influence of Photography on Luc Tuymans’ Paintings Page 1 Page 1 Page 1 Conclusion Page 1 Abstract – Cornelis Le Mair Throughout my time while learning Visual Arts, I had the privilege and the opportunity to be exposed to a number of artists and mediums. Like all artist, I have been influenced by a number of artist and techniques. I was especially interested in a contemporary artist called Gerhard Richter. I was introduced to his works in the beginning of my years in IB and he has been constantly influencing me in my works, one way or another. One major concept that I realised was that he had a very close relationship with photography in his artworks. This triggered me to ponder if it was the same for other artists and actually how photography affected paintings throughout the history of art. Until now, photography has a profound influence on paintings ever since optical devices were introduced in the art society. However, the concept of photography influencing painting has been very controversial. While some artist appreciates the development of photography and embraces the impact towards their own works,Show MoreRelatedHow is the concept of art influenced by the culture you are in2258 Words   |  10 PagesTHIHA SOUL â€Å"How is the concept of Art influenced by the culture you are in?† Thiha Soul -13597 FAN 5 C Lau Sheow Tong History of Arts and Ideas I D-FA203 THIHA SOUL THIHA SOUL No one can deny that art is always changing and affecting the all society of entire world and art has acted as a dramatic reflection of the social and political events taking place in regions in recent decades. So, what is art? , Art is a variety of human activities and the products of these activities;Read MoreContemporary Art : Modern Art2674 Words   |  11 Pageswith artists being inspired by modern inventions. Impressionism can be classed as modern due to the subject matter of the Industrial Revolution. With this approach one could also argue that Turner acts as a precursor to modernism especially with his painting Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway, 1844, which demonstrates the rapidity of the new technology. Rapid social and cultural changes during the 19th century had a huge effect on the style of artists. Previously artists had worked toRead MoreMuseum Of Art1928 Words   |  8 Pagesable to take advantage of looking at three different exhibitions in a span of 4 hours but will only be discussing two of them, which are, the â€Å"Playing with Fire: Paintings by Carlos Almaraz† and â€Å"Found in Translation: Design in California and Mexico, 1915-1985.† These two exhib itions really brought forth a different perspective through history by tying in the experience that Chicanos, Indigenous, and Latino/a folks have had to learn to endure and navigate when Spaniard colonization and American industrializationRead MoreEssay on Art Criticism and Art History2671 Words   |  11 PagesArt criticism and Art History Case Study: The use of assemblage and the found object in historical and contemporary art practice. The origins of the practice of assemblage can be traced back to its early twentieth century roots based on ideas presented by Dadaists. The Dada movement was a literary and artistic movement during the First World War and further developed as a non-art movement. The main idea of Dada was to not follow a uniform rule of what an artwork entails in order to be valuedRead MoreThe Impressionist Movement2207 Words   |  9 PagesMovement Impressionism, French Impressionnisme, is defined in the American Heritage Dictionary as â€Å"a theory or style of painting originating and developed in France during the 1870s, characterized by concentration on the immediate visual impression produced by a scene and by the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.† Impressionist painting comprises the works of art produced between about 1867 and 1886 by a group of artists that shared related techniquesRead MoreThe Artistic Style Of Mannerism1826 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Renaissance masters. Mannerism was an artistic approach that focused on the human form, depicted in intricate poses with exaggerated and not always realistic settings. This style is the first observation of artists using an individual way of painting, the personal vision and pictorial understanding of their world. The new generation of artists felt that they could not develop the Renaissance style any further. These new artists sought new goals and as a result turned against the traditional artisticRead More Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction Essay3126 Words   |  13 Pagesdiscussing art came essentially after the development of photography and film. In his work, â€Å"Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,† Benjamin addresses his perception of the changes in art and the aesthetic experience congruent with societal changes. He writes with concern of how the great artworks are viewed after the introduction of photography and film. His idea of mechanical reproduction changed the art world as society knew it, particularly in how the public views artwork and the value ofRead MoreThe Muralist Movement in Mexico3342 Words   |  14 PagesThe Muralist Movement in Mexico Mural painting is one of the oldest and most important forms of artistic, political and social expression. Mexican muralists, Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros revived this form of painting in Mexico and led the way for the Muralist Movement in Mexico. Their murals were based on the political and social conditions of the times. During the beginning of the 20th century, Mexico went through a political and social revolution and the governmentRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 PagesChapter 1: The Invention of Writing - From the early Paleolithic to the Neolithic period (35,000 BC to 4,000 BC), early Africans and Europeans left paintings in caves, including the Lascaux caves in Southern France. - Early pictures were made for survival and for utilitarian and ritualistic purposes. - Petroglyphs are carved or scratched signs on rock. - These images became symbols for what would be the first spokenlanguage. - Cuneiform – Wedged shaped writing, created in 3000BC. StartedRead MoreIwc1 Literature, Arts and Humanities Essay10028 Words   |  41 PagesMultiple Choice A watercolor painting to which an opaque white has been added is called a ________________. a) fresco b) tempera c) gouache d) acrylic Feedback: The correct answer is c. A gouache is a watercolor painting to which an opaque white has been added. Question 6: Multiple Choice Which of the following artistic disciplines fostered Pictorialism? a) Painting b) Printmaking c) Photography d) Landscape Feedback: The correct answer is c. Photography fostered Pictoralism, a movement

The Theory Of The Design Argument - 1201 Words

Philosophy Test 1 Essay 1: In addition to the two criticisms that Hume makes of the design argument that are described in this chapter, Hume presents a third. He says that even if the design argument succeeds in showing that a designer made the universe (or the organisms in it), the argument does not succeed in establishing what characteristics that designer has. For this reason, the argument does not show that God exists. Is Hume’s claim correct? How seriously does this undermine the design argument? I think that Hume’s claim that the design argument does not succeed in establishing what characteristics the designer has is valid. Paley’s design argument poses the existence of the watch on the beach as if the person who found the watch had no knowledge of what a watch was (Sober, pg. 55). If the person comes to the conclusion that it is more plausible for this unknown piece of machinery to have a designer than come together of random actions, then the person is coming to that conclusion without ever seeing or having observed a watchmaker. This can be seen as a direct analogy between the watchmaker and the watch and the universe and a creator. If the beachgoer in Paley’s argument had no knowledge of what the watch was, how would they know what a watchmaker was? The finder of the watch on the beach may be able to assume that someone made this piece of machinery, but without that finder having knowledge of what a watch or watchmaker is, there is no way for the finder toShow MoreRelatedThe Design Argument : The Theory Argument1608 Words   |  7 PagesThe Design Argument In the past hundred years, a great debate has shaken the foundation religious and scientific beliefs of society. Philosophers have been arguing about such a debate for hundreds of years, but there does not seem to be any consensus on whether on the existence of god and the universe. The ancient world never battled over such questions, rather they had accepted the fact that the natural world was created by some being. However, as society made major advancements, the questionRead MoreDisputes Over the the Design Argument and The Theory of Evolution603 Words   |  2 PagesThe debate between the Design Argument and The Theory of Evolution has garnered endless disputes. The Design Argument, DA, is the argument that a higher entity exists and that he designed all life sources with a purpose in mind. Charles conceived the Theory of Evolution, TE. His theory was not assembled to explain the origin of life; it was to explain the origin of species. The fine-tuning argument is a rebuttal that I will also be discussing thoroughly. The Design Argument attempts to explain thatRead MoreTwo Philosophical Arguments for the Existence of God1460 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophical arguments for the existence of God. Throughout the course of this essay we shall examine two of the major philosophical arguments for the existence of God. The arguments that we are going to focus on shall be the Design argument and the Ontological argument. We shall compare, evaluate and discuss both the Design (or teleological) argument for the existence of God and the Ontological Argument for the existence of God, as well as highlighting philosophical criticisms of both theories too. ByRead MoreTeleological Arguments Essay849 Words   |  4 Pages The argument from design or the teleological argument points to the existence of order and direction in nature to a kind of purpose. The argument essentially proves the existence of God. A designer must exist because the universe and living things exhibit marks of design in their complexity. Design-type arguments are unproblematic when based upon things nature plainly could not or would not produce, like human artifacts. If designs entail a designer, and the universe shows marks of design, thenRead MoreIntelligent Design Versus Aquinas Motion And Causation737 Words   |  3 PagesIntelligent Design versus Aquinas Motion and Causation Intelligent design Theory The theory of intelligent design theory holds that an intelligent cause and not an indirect process best explain the nature of living things and the universal features. The theory appreciates that, for the existence of the universe and the living things in it, there must have been in existence an intelligent force. The theorist are not out to show proof of the intelligent designer or who the intelligent designerRead MoreDarwinists and Dissenters1535 Words   |  7 Pageswho believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution has been fierce. Each side presents compelling arguments that may sway any uneducated reader to agree with their position based solely on the confidence they portray in their writings. However, because of the vastness and strength of evidence presented by the proponents of modern evolutionary theory, Darwinists have proved their point much greater than those who argue in favor of Intelligent Design. In this essay, four arguments will be presented; two thatRead MoreTh e Design Argument For The Existence Of God1286 Words   |  6 PagesONE The design argument for the existence of God follows the model: 1) In nature, things appear to work together for a clear purpose. 2) The best explanation for these relationships is that God designed these things. 3) Therefore, God exists, as he was the one who designed nature. This argument contends that an intelligent designer of the world does exist, and structured the universe so that most natural things fit together for a clear purpose. We can recognize that things in nature seemRead MoreCreationism vs. Darwinism: A Comparative Analysis1530 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine basis for creationist beliefs. Additionally, Darwinism is explored and the differences between Creationism and Darwinism are analyzed. Despite overwhelming evidence that supports the existence and validity of Darwinism, there are still arguments made that attempt to discredit evolution. The battle between Creationists and Darwinists extends beyond science and religion and has proliferated academia. Although this issue has often been presented before the courts at a federal level, CreationistsRead MoreThe Argument Of God s Existence1737 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss arguments in support of God’s existence as well as philosopher H.J McCloskey’s article On Being an Atheist . Within McCloskey’s article he refers to three well known theist arguments as proofs the cosmological, teleological and argument from design. The Cosmological argument is a deductive argument that assumes every fact must have an explanation and comes to the conclusion â€Å"the uncaused cause must be God† (Slick, 2013). On the other hand the teleological as well as the argument from designRead MoreThe Controversy Of The Arkansas Trial1472 Words   |  6 Pagesfalsifiable theories that creationists made. Gilkey and Ruse were a couple of the philosophers however, that agreed with the decision arguing that creation science failed to comply with the standards of science especially through its conclusion of an unexplainable divine creator. In this essay, I will discuss the arguments that aid the demarcation of science from nonscience, and ultimately conclude with an Religious Association Throughout the Arkansas trial one of the most significant argument that greatly

Coercive Control And The Domestic Violence Context

Coercive Control in the Domestic Violence Context: Academically, Domestic violence is â€Å"the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, threats, and emotional or psychological abuse. The frequency and severity of domestic violence varies dramatically.† However, in Washington State Domestic Violence includes a more limited definition. In Washington State Domestic Violence is defined as (a) Physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or the infliction of fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury or assault, between family or household members; (b) sexual assault of one family or household member by another; or (c) stalking as defined in RCW 9A.46.110 of one family or household member by another family or household member. This statutory definition is similar to that of many states in that it omits the â€Å"systematic pa ttern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against the other† otherwise known as â€Å"coercive control.† The omission of this provision in the statutory language creates difficulty in obtaining domestic violence protection orders, when the victim cannot describe instances of physical violence, stalking, or sexual assault, yet lives in very real fear of their partner. In this literature review, I will analyze the phenomenon that is now known asShow MoreRelatedThe International Context Of Violence Against Women Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pagesforms, combinations and modes. This volume highlights various aspects of domestic violence, dowry, exploitation in various ways besides teen dating, sexual slavery, rape and various other aspects besides the role of police in curbing this evil as the pillars of administration. It highlights the plight of women world over in the light of various studies on violence against women. It farther underscores the various aspects of violence with a focus on various roles of women under different situations likeRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence3281 Words   |  14 Pagesappropriate definition of domestic violence is to clearly distinguish domestic violence from physical violence in general. Due to its nature, cases of domestic violence require specific treatment and perspective as it can be identified in many concealed forms and would not leave behind physical wounds. Therefore to know the types and forms of violence the victims have to face is crucial to develop a legal response. Walter (1969) gave a comprehensive definition of violence as â€Å"destructive harm includingRead MoreDomestic Violence and Children1640 Words   |  7 PagesDefinitions Domestic Violence Defined Citation: ARS: 13-3601 Domestic violence includes: • Any act that is a dangerous crime against children • Endangerment • Threatening or intimidating act • Assault • Custodial interference • Unlawful imprisonment or kidnaping • Criminal trespass • Harassment or stalking • Child or vulnerable adult abuse Persons Included in Definition: • A spouse or former spouse • Persons residing or having resided in the same household • Persons having a childRead MoreEssay on Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome3168 Words   |  13 Pages The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by domestic violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence of the battering situation. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situation. I then discuss the particular moral issue ofRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On The Health2966 Words   |  12 PagesWhat is Domestic Violence? Radford and Heister (2006:7) define domestic violence as the coercive control of an adult by an intimate partner, involving physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or financial abuse. Domestic violence against women is a global problem without geographic, religious, social, economic, cultural or national boundaries (Women’s Aid, 2005). According to Chitashvili et al (2010) violence against women is seen as a social problem with detrimental effects on the health andRead More Comparing Burgess and Drapers Theory of Family Violence and the Film, The Burning Bed2097 Words   |  9 PagesComparing Burgess and Drapers Theory of Family Violence and the Film, The Burning Bed    I.   Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burgess and Draper argue coercive patterns of family interaction represent the principal causal pathway that connects ecological instability to violence within families.   They maintain this raises the possibility that some of the common correlates of such violence are themselves reactions to sudden or chronic ecological instability.   For example, alcoholism, depression, and anxietyRead MoreDependent Personality Disorder ( Dpd )1265 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders exhibiting traits of anxiety and fearfulness. Criteria specifies that an individual demonstrates significant deviation in behavior and life experience according to a person’s cultural norms in at least two of the following areas: impulse control, interpersonal functioning, affectivity, and cognition. Moreover, the disturbance must originate from at least adolescence, exhibiting a prolonged history of consistent indicators across a variety of life circumstances. This pattern is not attributedRea d MoreCurrent Environment Of Domestic Violence2249 Words   |  9 Pagesoverview of the current environment of domestic violence and its impact to the children and will promote some special awareness to the children in the domestic violence and helping them to understand the risk factors of this violence and their responses when this violence occurs. This paper will also give an extent of an educational group who will provide necessary knowledge to the children who experience domestic violence, but did not clear the nature of this violence and identify their possible stepsRead MoreChildren as Witnesses of Domestic Violence 1598 Words   |  7 Pagespossess a very dark side (Sev’er, 2014, pp. 273). This dark side is the violence that occurs within the family, whether it be child abuse or domestic violence. Domestic violence is defined as violent or aggressive behaviour within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner (Oxford Dictionary). Although there are instances where women are violent, Kimmel and Holler (2011) state â€Å"most family violence is perpetrated by males - husbands beating wives, fathers hitting children

Contributing Factors in Construction Accidents

Question: Discuss about the Contributing Factors in Construction Accidents. Answer: Introduction: The focus of discussion in the current research is to identify the relation between the project safety and the number of non-conformances and/or the volume of the rework in the construction sites. The research in the evidence based literature review indicates that there is positive relation between these two aspects, there is positive relation between the project safety as well as the non-conformances at the construction site reworks. The current report is a focus on this exhaustive relation and the study is performing to relate these two different aspects. Also recommendations based discussion is provided with proposals to reduce the safety incidents as well as to reduce the amount of rework on construction sites. The relationship between the safety and quality outcomes do have very limited attention in the construction and the engineering management domain. One of the main factor responsible for the development of such scenario is the fact that the contractors and the builders are not interested to reveal the sensitive information related to the reworks and the associated factors that are relating these incidents with the accidents in general. In accordance with the report presented by Love(2015), there is an extensive 31 months analysis of the relation between the incidents and rework and based on the observations it is indicated that the risk profiles for incidents and the NCRs are established with the mathematical analysis. The data indicated as high as mean ratio of incidents to rework NCRS to be 1:7. Also it is indicated that the relation between incidents and the rework NCRS (p0.05). Similar indications are reported in other recent empirical evidence based reports; It is found that ther e two statistically significant relationships; the OSHA recordable rate is positively correlated to rework (r2 =0.968, p-value =0.032); Also the first aid rate is positively correlated to the number of defects (r2 = 0.548, p-value=0.009) (Wanberg, 2013). There is indication that the most compelling reason for the strong positive correlation between rework and injuries is the fact that rework involves demolition, schedule pressure as well as unstable work processes. Mortenson construction works have used computer automated, virtual environment technology at the Peguala Ice Arena at Penn State and in the course of time they catched and fixed the problems early. Typical tools like virtual images of mechanical systems are employed to prevent the mistakes that involve the rework in general. Reworks are increasing the construction schedules and delaying the delivery, Further reworks are contributing to the worker injuries and billions of lost revenue (Moore). The problems of NCRS and reworks can be tackled with multiple dimensions. It is required that there should be sufficient care provided at the outset for the sake of exhaustive preplanning of the projects, Also there is need that there should be sufficient allocation of the resources available for completing the project, projects should be subjected to every measure that actually works on to complete the schedule in time. Also there should be strategic promotion of leadership at the work place as well workers should be encouraged to take pride in their work. Further there should be extensive considerations to be taken to encourage strategies for promoting the safety and quality. Also it is not impossible to totally avoid the scheduled delays. It is required that there should be exhaustive planning and effective contracting process to enhance the quality and safety in the work and thereby there should be means to avoid the delay in the works. There should be steep release of the funds in accordance with the project progression requirements and secondly there is need that there should be fines and penalties for the project delays and this inturn will effect the project progression and scheduling process. Construction business is quite fast and there is need for companies to catch these recent strategies to avert the delays and the progression methodologies to avoid the delays and to keep up the competitive edge in the market(Construction drive). Apart from these basic considerations there is need to enforce recommendation like those of ARCTM, where is there is specific reference made towards the workers training for the job which he is expected to make, enforcement of working conditions which are safe and accident free. Also there is considerable responsibility of the project manager there lies in enforcing better operational conditions in the work place. All of them should be followed with very detailed and specific enforcement at each and every stage of project progression (Abdelhamid,2000).It is also indicated that apart from the basic issues such as workers ignorance and contribution of the apathy of the management towards the workplace safety, there are also issues such as incompetent risk management at the work place as well as improper design of ergonomics at the construction site as well as issues such as deficiencies of the work place being employed in the workplace. All of them do have collective impact on the work place operational integrity and the operational performance (Haslam, 2005).Hwang(2014) indicated that there are several instances of reworks in the construction industry happening because of the lack of systematic planning to avert the same. Hence as per his proposal usage of knowledge based systems to record the ongoing technological progression of the construction works and approaches for elimination of the rework will provide opportunity to enhance the betterment of the organizational performance to avoid reworks in construction. Better design and KMS will contribute in this regard. A comprehensive project management involving design management, communication management, filed management, project scope management, project process management, active rework, project plan management, external environment management etc required for minimizing the project rework in the construction industry (Ye, 2014). Conclusion: The evidence based research findings in relation to the empirical relation between NCRS of reworks and the accident incidents at the site indicate that there is great need to avert the escalation of conditions to the extent of safety incidents as well there is need to avoid loss of revenues to the company in the form of delayed project deliveries as well as in the form of revenue loss due to accidents and related procedural problems and obligations. At the outset there is need to change the traditional construction process monitoring methodologies to more advanced and better technology enabled processes and procedures. Also as indicated in the previous discussion always the project control should be in the hands of able leadership and there should be systematic and strategic interventions from the beginning of the project to avoid delays and expectation mismatch requirements. Also while drafting the contractual obligations there should be sufficient insight and all the terms and the regulations of the project are required to be prepared in detail so that there will be quite a good control of the project progress while preventing the happening of the delays as well as the associated problems of revenue loss from the project. References: Anon., n.d. [Online] Available at: Moore P, Contractors confront the growing costs of rework, Engineering News record, 28/11/2012 Anon., n.d. [Online] Available at: Wanberg J et al, Relationship between Construction Safety and Quality Performance, Journal of Construction Engineering Management, Volume 139, Issue 10, October 2013 Anon., n.d. [Online] Available at: The Dotted Line: How to avoid schedule delays through careful planning, effective contracts, https://www.constructiondive.com/news/the-dotted-line-how-to-avoid-schedule-delays-through-careful-planning-eff/440167/ Abdelhamid, T.S. and Everett, J.G., 2000. Identifying root causes of construction accidents.Journal of construction engineering and management,126(1), pp.52-60. Hwang, B.G., Zhao, X. and Goh, K.J., 2014. Investigating the client-related rework in building projects: The case of Singapore.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.698-708. Haslam, R.A., Hide, S.A., Gibb, A.G., Gyi, D.E., Pavitt, T., Atkinson, S. and Duff, A.R., 2005. Contributing factors in construction accidents.Applied ergonomics,36(4), pp.401-415. Ye, G., Jin, Z., Xia, B. and Skitmore, M., 2014. Analyzing causes for reworks in construction projects in China.Journal of Management in Engineering,31(6), p.04014097. Love, P.E., Teo, P., Carey, B., Sing, C.P. and Ackermann, F., 2015. The symbiotic nature of safety and quality in construction: Incidents and rework non-conformances.Safety science,79, pp.55-62.

Marbury V. Madison Essay Example For Students

Marbury V. Madison Essay Constitutional LawMarbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison, one of the first Supreme Court cases asserting thepower of judicial review, is an effective argument for this power;however, it lacks direct textual basis for the decision. Marshallmanaged to get away with this deficiency because of the silence on manyissues and the vague wording of the Constitution. During the earlytesting period when few precedents existed, there was much debate aboutfundamental issues concerning what was intended by the words of theConstitution and which part of government should have the final word indefining the meaning of these words. Marshall used the Marbury case toestablish the Supreme Courts place as the final judge. Marshall identified three major questions that needed to be answeredbefore the Court could rule on the Marbury v. Madison case. The first ofthese was, Has the applicant a right to the commission he demands? TheConstitution allows that the Congress may by Law vest the Appointmentof such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the Presidentalone, . . . (Art. II, ? 2). The Judiciary Act of 1793 had given thePresident the right to appoint federal judges and justices of thepeace; there is no dispute that such an appointment was within the scopeof the presidents powers. Debate arises because the Constitution issilent on the exact time at which the appointment is consideredcomplete. The Supreme Court ruled that when a commission has beensigned by the president, the appointment is made; and that thecommission is complete, when the seal of the United States has beenaffixed to it by the . This ruling does not havedirect constitutional support, but it is not an unreasonable decision. The second question which Marshall addressed was, If has aright, and that right has been violated, do the laws of this countryafford him a remedy? The answer is logically yes although there are nospecific words in the Constitution to support such an answer. Based onthe type of government intended by the Constitution, the government isexpected to protect individual liberty. As Marshall says, will certainly cease to deserve if the laws furnish no remedy for the violationof a vested right. However, with this assertion Marshall establishedthe power of the Supreme Court to review actions of the executive branch a power that does not stem directly from the Constitution. The third and final question which Marshall addressed was whetherMarbury is entitled to the remedy for which he applies. Marshallfurther divides this question into two parts: the nature of the writ andthe power of the Supreme Court. In examining the nature of the writ,Marshall solidifies further the Supreme Court authority over members ofthe executive branch. Marshall admits that the officer to whom is to be directed, must be one to whom, on legal principles, suchwrit may be directed . . . and that the Supreme Court cannot enquirehow the executive, or executive officers, perform duties in which theyhave discretion. Yet Marshall insists that the Supreme Court can issuea mandamus is directed by law to do acertain act affecting the absolute rights of individuals. Thisassertion does not have Constitutional basis. The Constitution does notexpressly grant the Supreme Court power over either of the otherbranches of government. Finally Marshall gets to the question based on which he decid es thecase the Supreme Courts jurisdiction over this case. For the firsttime in this case, Marshall uses direct constitutional basis to make hisruling. He argues that, If it had been intended to leave it in the discretion of thelegislature to apportion the judicial power between the supreme andinferior courts according to the will of that body, it would certainlyhave been useless to have proceeded further than to have defined thejudicial power . . . The plain import of the words seems to be, thatin one class of cases its jurisdiction is original and not appellate; inthe other it is appellate, and not original. He bases this ruling on Art. III ? 2, which enumerates the cases inwhich the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. Marshallfurther maintains that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land. .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 , .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .postImageUrl , .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 , .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32:hover , .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32:visited , .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32:active { border:0!important; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32:active , .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32 .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue67603c49f23e9d80962e901bea66f32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Relationship Between Ecstasy And Memory EssayIn this contention as well Marshall has constitutional basis in Art. VI,which states, This constitution, and the Laws of the United Stateswhich shall be made in Pursuance thereof; shall be the supreme Lawof the Land. In his typical style, Marshall follows this constitutionally basedstatement with one of the most controversial rulings, which has noconstitutional basis. He asserts, It is emphatically the province andduty of the judicial department to say what the law is. There isnothing in the Constitution that assigns the duty of review solely tothe judicial department. Although his decision loosely construes and even stretches the meaningof the Constitution, Marshalls ruling on this case overall is notdetrimental to the well-being of the American people. The Supreme Courtis the only branch of government that could act to strengthen thenational government during the early history of the Constitution. Clearly, Congress could not take on the states rights advocates and thestate legislatures. If an early Congress had passed a law which a stategovernment objected to, the state legislature might have simplynullified the law, thus forcing the national government into aprecarious situation. Congress would have to risk causing the state toleave the Union to force them to comply with the new law. Furthermore,the president also was not in a position to allow the federal governmentmore leeway in interpreting their powers. He does not make any laws ofhis own and has no power to settle any questions of the states. Clearly,the Supreme Court was the branch that could most easily facilitate thestrengthening of the national government into an effective and unifiednation rather than thirteen independent countries as the states hadseemed under the Articles of Confederation. Critics will protest that the people do not elect the Supreme CourtJustices and therefore the Supreme Court should not have the power ofjudicial review. As McCloskey points out, No institution in ademocratic society could become and remain potent unless it could counton a solid block of public opinion that would rally to its side in apinch. Clearly, the Supreme Court is ultimately responsible to the willof the people. By maintaining independence from politics, the Justicesavoid the major problems of political parties and party platforms. Furthermore, the Supreme Courts small size allows the Constitution tospeak with a unified voice throughout the country.